Food Cost and its Control :
Cost
is defined as the price paid to acquire, produce, accomplish or maintain anything. Costing is simply the process of arithmetic,
means of memorandum statements or the methods of integral control. Costing is the technique and process of
ascertaining costs. The principles and
rules, which govern the procedure of ascertaining costs of products or
services, is the technique used in ascertaining costs. With the development and changes in methods,
the techniques of costing change. To
control the Food Cost; the purchasing, receiving, storing, issuing, food
production, food sales, etc. are to be controlled.
Definition
Food Cost is defined as the cost of raw
material used to prepare a dish or food.
The net
stock in hand at the beginning of the day + raw material purchased or received
from store – net stock in hand at the end of the day is defined as Food Cost
for the day.
Food Cost = Opening Stock + Purchase – Closing Stock of the day
Objective of Cost Control and its advantage
:
The main objective and advantage of cost
control are :
a.
Analysis of income and expenditure
of organization.
b.
Establishing and maintaining the standard of service of the
establishment.
c.
Pricing of menu
d.
Prevention of waste .
e.
Prevention of frauds .
f.
Prevention of theft and pilferage .
g.
Source of information for management reports .
Obstacles
to food and beverages Control:
There are
numerous obstacles which affect on the food and beverage items cost.
a) The cost of the basic raw material
varies from season to season and depending upon the size of order. In off
season the cost of raw material is always more.
b) In case a large quantity of goods
(raw material) are ordered then the cost of each unit is much less as compare
to when a small quantity of goods (raw material) is ordered.
c) The price of raw material may always
go high during the shortage of goods in the market due to high consumption or
low production.
Limitation
of Food Cost Control
It looks
very simple that if the standard recipe and portion size control is followed
then the food cost will be always under control. In actual, in spite of following standard
recipe and portion size the food cost may differ. The following factors affect
the food cost.
1.
Fluctuation in Raw Material Cost:
2.
Wrong Purchasing of Raw Material:
3.
Reduction in Sale:
4.
Wastage during preparation of Food:
5.
Pilferage in Food Sale:
6.
Spoilage due to wrong storage:
Methodology
and Phases of Cost Control
1.
PURCHASING: The purchase department must ensure that the right quality of food, at
competitive price and right quantity of raw material should be procured to keep
the cost control.
2.
RECEIVING AND STORING OF RAW
MATERIAL: The raw
material received by stores must be inspected for the quality and the quantity
desired, and in case found not up to requirement should be returned to supplier
for replacement. All stores received
must be stored at a proper place. It is
saying that in stores there should, ‘a place for everything and everything
is place’. The store keeper must
ensure that no food item should get spoiled and if it happens then it is
charged to store keeper.
3.
ISSUING: All goods should be issued after a
proper requisition. The store keeper
must follow the rule of ‘FIRST IN FIRST
OUT (F.I.F.O.), which means the goods received first are issued first.
4.
WASTAGE: The wastage, at all levels, i.e.
Portioning, Cooking, Storing, etc. should be as minimum as possible. The wastage of food should be avoided. All trimmings of vegetables, bones, and other
raw material wastes should be used to cook stock, soups, gravies, sauces, etc.
5.
PROPER STORING OF COOKED FOOD: In case the cooked food is left at
the end of the day then it must be stored at a proper temperature so that it
can be used on the following day, if so required.
6.
SPOILAGE: The cooks must ensure that there
should be as far as possible no spoilage of food in the kitchen.
7.
ENSURE NO FOOD IS SERVED WITHOUT
BILL: In case food
is allowed to be picked up without proper bill then this will increase the food
cost.
8.
PORTION CONTROL: The chef must ensure that dish is as
per the standard potion, as both the larger portion and smaller portion is
harmful to the hotel / restaurant. A
large portion will increase the food cost and a small portion will dissatisfy
the guest.
9.
STANDARD RECIPE: The Chef must ensure that always
standard recipe should be followed, or otherwise, the guest may not always find
similar standard of the dish and this will dissatisfy him.
Purposes
of Food Cost Accounting
1.
To Know Cost: It is through the mechanism of cost accounting
that costs of products or services are ascertained. Any of the method may be used to know the
cost but it should be near to the actual costs.
2.
To Fix the Selling Price: Only if one knows the total cost
than one can fix the selling price of a dish.
The selling price is fixed in Restaurants, keeping in view the food
cost. More the luxury restaurant, low is
the food cost and vice versa. A small
road side restaurant may have as high as 45 – 50% food cost and a speciality
restaurant may have as low as 20 – 25% food cost.
3.
Cost Controlling: The Chef / Restaurant Manager / Cost
Accountant while fixing the selling price of a dish must know its exact
recipe. He must also keep in mind the
labour cost, the overheads while fixing the food cost and its variances.
4.
Preparation of Account and Control
of Food Cost: He
will regularly review the production, sales and operating results, stocks of
raw material and finished food and other items are valued at cost price or
market price, whichever is lower. The
stock inventory is taken by physically verifying each item. After ascertaining the stocks and taking a
note of costs and sales, he is able to control the food cost.
5.
Operating Policies: The Food Cost Accounting helps
management in formulating operating policies like what should be the food cost,
whether to bake bakery products in house or out source. Even desserts can be bought from outside if
the sale of the same is not sufficient to keep a dessert chef.
Essentials
of Food Cost Control
a)
Proper Purchasing
b) Control in Purchasing
c) Follow Purchasing Procedure
d) Control Food Production
e) Follow Standard Recipe
f)
Follow Standard Portion Size
PTR : (Point To Remember )
1.
Cost
is defined as the price paid to acquire , produce ,accomplish or maintain
anything.
2.
Costing is simply the process of
arithmetic, means of memorandum statements or the methods of integral control .
3.
F.I.F.O stands for “ First In First
Out “ which means the goods received first are issued first
4.
Food Cost is defined as cost of raw
material used to prepare the dish/ menu.
5.
Gross Profit = Total Sale - Food
Cost
6.
Net profit = Total Sale - Total Cost
